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Hard Rock  硬摇滚

简介
　硬摇滚硬摇滚(Hard Rock)
　　60年代初由布鲁斯发展起来的一种摇滚乐风格，具有比较强烈的吉他失真，吉他比较复杂，主音吉他成分较多，布鲁斯味比较浓。最早的摇滚乐队如ROLLING STONES，The WHO，BLOOD SWEAT; TEAR等，以及后来的LED ZEPPELIN，AC/DC，CHEAP TRICK,Guns N' Roses等可以说是硬摇滚乐队。硬摇滚与重金属通常不太容易区分，不同的人有不同的区分方法。有人认为70年代以前的叫硬摇滚，70年代以后的叫重金属；有人认为吉他失真小一点的是硬摇滚，吉他失真强一点的是重金属；有人认为头发半长不短的是硬摇滚，长头发的是重金属；还有人认为美国乐队是硬摇滚（美国人把METALLICA叫做硬摇滚乐队），其他国家的就是重金属；我的看法是节奏吉他表现力比较弱的是硬摇滚，节奏吉他的riff表现力强且成为歌曲主导力量的是重金属。不过也没有必要区分的这么清楚，硬和重，都是我们喜欢的音乐气质啊。

概述

　　硬核是一个常常被用于形容任何一种喧吵的，有侵略性的吉他摇滚的词语，要不是这些用途，这个定义是更精确的。确切点来说，硬核的确是高声喧吵的，带有侵略性的吉他摇滚，但是它并不是很重金属一样重，它受朋克的影响很少（尽管他帮助朋克产生了灵感）。硬核表演通常是很大规模的，露天大型演唱会上即兴重复的吉他演奏，赞美诗的合唱，重踏夸张的基调强节奏；它的目的通常是瞄准商业价值的，它几乎永远都是渗透着男子气概的。看某些些乐队，可能很难分辨出硬核和重金属的区别，但是从Black Sabbath出现后两者基本的差别就很明显的存在了，金属倾向更黑暗和更富威胁成分，而硬核（大部分情况）还是保留着华丽的，庞大的派对音乐。加之，金属的重复段常常以独奏的形式出现，而硬核重复段则是在他们吸引人的特点上突出和音的级数，制造出放纵的气氛，更为宽松的特点有益于他们大踏步的前进。像重金属一样，硬核在如Cream, Jimi Hendrix和the Jeff Beck Group这些先驱的带领下于60年代中期蓝调摇滚迷幻的十字路口处和爆发。蓝调摇滚和迷幻都在探究电子扩大的限度，蓝调摇滚推动了吉他重复段的中心舞台，它使用一些蓝调节拍以外的旋转并且用极大的力量代替了它。硬核确实在70年代早期找到了自己的特点，通过the Rolling Stones, Faces粗暴，疯狂的摇滚，Led Zeppelin blues-drenched的力量和粗糙的音乐安排，Deep Purple前迷幻的不断咆哮，和the Who高声，巨大喧吵的和音，为很多模仿者提供了模式。而后的十年中，AC/DC和Aerosmith倾斜，stripped-down的重复段，Alice Cooper和Kiss易记的旋律和戏剧化的效果，和Van Halen快速演奏的特点树立了新的趋势，虽然对于硬核来说基本的音乐形式仍是一样的。舞台摇滚同样成为了一种支配力量，几乎脱离了所有蓝调的影响，夸张地集中了独奏作为它的标志。在80年代，硬核以平滑的流行金属取得了统治地位，尽管Gun N Roses, the Black Crowes和一些其他的乐队仍表演坚韧和更传统的另类。旧式硬核在前独立摇滚年代逐渐成为被人遗忘的东西；在车库后，很多吉他乐队不仅采用自觉的严肃态度，还拒绝写first-pumping, arena-ready choruses这样的怂恿。这样，九十年代确实产生了少量的反对呼声，像Oasis, Urge Overkill和Pearl Jam。

Hard rock is a term that's frequently applied to any sort of loud, aggressive guitar rock, but for these purposes, the definition is more specific. To be sure, hard rock is loud, aggressive guitar rock, but it isn't as heavy as heavy metal, and it's only very rarely influenced by punk (though it helped inspire punk). Hard rock generally prizes big, stadium-ready guitar riffs, anthemic choruses, and stomping, swaggering backbeats; its goals are usually (though not universally) commercial, and it's nearly always saturated with machismo. With some bands, it can be difficult to tell where the dividing line between hard rock and heavy metal falls, but the basic distinction is that ever since Black Sabbath, metal tends to be darker and more menacing, while hard rock (for the most part) has remained exuberant, chest-thumping party music. Additionally, while metal riffs often function as stand-alone melodies, hard rock riffs tend to outline chord progressions in their hooks, making for looser, more elastic jams should the band decide to stretch out instrumentally. Like heavy metal, hard rock sprang from the mid-'60s intersection of blues-rock and psychedelia pioneered by artists like Cream, Jimi Hendrix, and the Jeff Beck Group. Blues-rock and psychedelia were both exploring the limits of electric amplification, and blues-rock was pushing the repeated guitar riff center stage, while taking some of the swing out of the blues beat and replacing it with a thumping power. Hard rock really came into its own at the dawn of the '70s, with the tough, boozy rock of the Rolling Stones (post-Brian Jones) and Faces, the blues-drenched power and textured arrangements of Led Zeppelin, the post-psychedelic rave-ups of Deep Purple, and the loud, ringing power chords of the Who (circa Who's Next) setting the template for much of what followed. Later in the decade, the lean, stripped-down riffs of AC/DC and Aerosmith, the catchy tunes and stage theatrics of Alice Cooper and Kiss, and the instrumental flash of Van Halen set new trends, though the essential musical blueprint for hard rock remained similar. Arena rock also became a dominant force, stripping out nearly all blues influence and concentrating solely on big, bombastic hooks. During the '80s, hard rock was dominated by glossy pop-metal, although Guns N' Roses, the Black Crowes, and several others did present a grittier, more traditionalist alternative. Old-fashioned hard rock became a scarce commodity in the post-alternative rock era; after grunge, many guitar bands not only adopted a self-consciously serious attitude, but also resisted the urge to write fist-pumping, arena-ready choruses. Still, the '90s did produce a few exceptions, such as Oasis, Urge Overkill, and the serious but anthemic Pearl Jam.